6.0 Introduction

The fourth and fifth steps in the survey design and data analysis process involve determining Where and When you will administer your survey (Figure 29).

Figure 29 The Where and When Steps in the Survey Design and Data Analysis Process

Where: Surveys can be administered on paper or online, depending on the context and accessibility of your participants:

• Paper-based surveys are ideal for settings where you have direct access to participants, such as at the end of in-person training programs or other on-site events. If you cannot distribute surveys in person, you may mail them to participants, often including a self-addressed, stamped envelope to encourage return.
• Online surveys are effective for reaching a large number of participants across various locations as long as they have access to the necessary technology (e.g., a computer or mobile device, Internet access, and email address to receive an invitation to the online survey). When designing online surveys, ensure they are optimized for multiple devices, including desktops, laptops, tablets, and smartphones.

When: When conducting an online survey, it is important to establish a clear data collection timeframe, typically lasting one or two weeks. You want to avoid scheduling your survey during holidays or particularly busy periods for participants—for example, at the end of a fiscal quarter or near tax deadlines in legal and financial organizations.