Module 05: Bon appétit!

Deuxième partie: Au café, au restaurant / explication de grammaire

La Grammaire

In this section:

Questions with subject/verb inversion

Looking through window at parisian café
Photo by Meruyert Gonullu via Pexels

There are several ways to form questions in French.

Inversion
Formal questions may be asked by reversing the subject pronoun/verb order and linking the two with a hyphen (-). You may have already seen inversion in fixed expressions like the following greetings:
‘Comment allez-vous?’, ‘Comment vous appelez-vous?’, ‘Quelle heure est-il?’.

Anne choisit ses cours pour le semestre prochain. Anne is choosing her classes for next semester.
Anne: Jason, as-tu des idées? Anne: Jason, do you have any ideas?
Jean et Marc, connaissez-vous de bons cours? Jean and Mark, do you know any good courses?


addition of -t- in third person singular
In the third person singular, when the verb ends in a vowel, a -t- is added to make
the liaison possible.

Corey se parle à lui-même: Corey thinks to himself:
Voyons. Marc aime-t-il les lettres? Non! Let’s see. Does Marc like the humanities? No!
A-t-il envie d’étudier les maths? Non! Does he want to study math? No!
Va-t-il devenir médecin? Oh, jamais! Is he going to become a doctor? Oh, never!
Aime-t-il les sciences? Oui! Does he like science? Yes!
A-t-il des frères ou des sœurs ? Oui! Does he have brothers and sisters? Yes!

addition of a pronoun with a noun or proper name
When the subject is a proper name or noun, the corresponding subject pronoun (ilelleils, or elles) is added for inversion with the verb.

Et les étudiantes de Sciences Po foot suivent-elles ce cours? Do students of political sciences take this class?
Ce cours est-il difficile? Is this class difficult?

compound tenses
In compound tenses, such as the passé composé, the subject pronoun is inverted with the auxiliary (the conjugated verb).

As-tu suivi ce cours? Did you take this class?
Avez-vous l’adresse ? Do you have the address?

negation
Ne precedes the conjugated verb and the second half of the negative (pas, jamais, plus, etc.) follows the pronoun.

Pourquoi n’as-tu pas réussi l’examen? Why didn’t you pass the exam?
Pourquoi n’avez-vous pas fait vos devoirs ? Why didn’t you do your homework?

est-ce’ and ‘y a-t-il’
The inverted forms of ‘c’est’ and ‘il y a’ are est-ce and y a-t-il.

Comment est-ce possible? How is this possible?
Ny a-t-il pas un cours de français ici ? Isn’t there a French class here?

Le verbe prendre – to take (an irregular verb)

Barista serves coffee drink to customer
Photo by Andrea Piacquadio via Pexels

 

Verbs like prendre are conjugated like regular -re verbs in the singular, but not in the plural. Note the difference in the stem in the plural forms.

prendre  ‘to take’
je prends nous prenons
tu prends vous prenez
il/elle/iel/on prend ils/elles/iels prennent
past participle: pris

Verbs conjugated like prendre include:

apprendre, to learn
comprendre, to understand
surprendre, to surprise

exemple :

Ils surprennent leur ami. They surprise their friend.
Qu’est-ce que tu fais? Tu vas où? Pourquoi tu prends un taxi? What are you doing? Where are you going? Why are you taking a taxi?
Je suis en retard. Je vais en classe. Aujourd’hui mes étudiants apprennent à chanter la Marseillaise! I’m late. I’m going to class. Today my students are learning to sing the Marseillaise!

License

Icon for the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License

Français inclusif: An Interactive Textbook for French 102 Copyright © 2022 by Department of World Languages, Boise State University is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted.

Share This Book